Gaziantep.
Gaziantep Anatolia .
Gaziantep
Ruins which belong to the Stone Age, Calcoholitic , Copper age, Hittite, Mitani, Assyrian, Roman and Byzantine, Islam and Turkish - Islamic Period can be traced everywhere in the area.
In the center of the city stands the Gaziantep Fortress and the Ravanda citadel as the reminders of past. The Archaeological Museum, with its important collections from neolithic and the Hittite ages as well as the Roman and Commagene times, attracts many visitors.
The surroundings of the city are also full of valuable Hittite remains. The Suzer House, which has been restored to its original beauty, now houses the Ethnographical Museum.
The Yesemek Sculpture Workshop, 30 kms south of the town of Islahiye, is one of the world’s first of this kind.
Some of the other historical remains are the Belkis, and Kargamis Ruins by the town of Nizip. Dulluk which is close to the city center is ideal for those who would like to rest in a natural setting amidst forest and has camping facilities.
| Gaziantep Castle, Gaziantep, Turkey | ||
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Click here to see theGaziantep Museum,
Gaziantep, Turkey
Continue to the attractive town of Halfeti For a boat trip along tha Euphrates.
Halfeti
The Euphrates River.
Video :
Halfeti. River Cruise
Video :
Halfeti.Euphrates River Cruise
SANLIURFA. and Harran.
Sanli Urfa, known as the City of Prophets,
Entrance to The Birthplace Of Abraham.
Video : Şanlıurfa Tanıtımı
Video : Şanlıurfa
Video : Sanliurfa.
You will notice a cave here, with several mosques around it here.
This cave is believed to be the birthplace of Abraham. The Meviid Halil Mosque is also of another interest. Sanliurfa was praised as the city of the prophets Hiob, Jethro and St. George, besides Abraham, who were said to have lived here.
The sacred pond beside the mosque at Abraham's birth site
It is a holy city with "Balikli Göl" at the foot of a crusader castle and surrounded by mosques. The Halil Rahman Mosque is next to a pool which is full of sacred carp. The story about this pool that a holy person of Islam was about to be burned by non-believers and had stafied a big fire to burn him, but the logs turned into carp and the fire into water, and so the "Balikli Göl" was formed. On the other side of this pool, is the Ottoman Rizvaniye Mosque. The Firfirli Mosque, which was once the church of the Apostles, is worth a visit. A walk by the typical eastern bazaar and the old inns (hans), especially Gumruk Hani and Barutcu Hani, will take you back to the days of 1001 nights. Sanli Urfa Citadel and Ayn-i Zeliha Lake are other historical sites in the city.
There are many places to see when you at Sanliurfa.
The first in the list is the Sanliurfa Fortress at the northern slope of Damlacik Mountain. The citadel has 25 watchtowers and hosts remains of Byzantine and Islamic times. The second in line should be the antique city of Sogmatar, 73 KM away from Sanliurfa. Its modern name is 'Yagmurlu'. Sogmatar has a cultural origin from the Harran Sin culture. Still you can see an open-air temple here were people used to worship planets and the Supreme God. Sacrifices were also made. Then there is the 'Naveli Cori' antique settlement. It is near Kantara village of Hilvan.
Harran
While in Urfa, we will visit Harran, where Terah and Abraham are believed to have lived. We will also see the typical round beehive dwellings made of mud.
Video : Harran, East Turkey
Video : Harran
Video :Harran.
Harran,
Harran, 48 kms. south of Urfa, lets you visit a place directly connected with the Bible.It is said that Abraham spent several years of his life in Harran.
According to the Old Testament, Abraham resided here and as well his father Terah died here.
It is said that Abraham spent several years of his life in Harran.
The Town Of Harrran
Its cone and cubic shaped dwellings are known to be naturally very suitablemfor the hot climate of the region. These mud brick houses are up to 4.5 meters high and this height is considered to be the other reason for the cool and comfortable conditions inside.
The town was located on the road that ran from Nineveh to Carchemish.Its chief cult in Assyrian times was that of the moon god.
It is often identified as Haran, the place in which Abraham lived before he reached Canaan.
According to the tradition, Abraham was moving from Ur to Canaan which was in Promised Land (Gen.11:35), when he rested in Harran. The town is surrounded by a city wall. Although the wall was restored in the 12th century A.D., only five of its 12 original gates have survived till today. The ancient settlement was on and around the hill in the center of the town. This part has not been excavated yet. On the way up the hill there are two doorposts with markers indicating that this place was "Aran's House"
from which Abraham took Sarah.
Hasankeyf.
Batman via Hasakeyf
Today we travel to Batman. Along the way we visit Hasankeyf, located in the Tigris River valley. From the sit of these very dramatic ruins you will have a fantastic view over the river below and the ancient bridge which was once used by Silk Road travelers. see it now as they are planning to flood the valley for a resevoir!!! An old bridge dominates the town of Hasankeyf 110km/68mi northeast of Mardin. The age of the old bridge is unknown, it has been restored in 1116
Batman is Turkey's most important oil-producing center, and oil wells pumping the precious fuel dot the surrounding area. North of Batman, the Malabadi Bridge, built in 1147, spans the Batman River. Undisturbed by time, peaceful waters still reflect the widest single-arch bridge of its day. Two guard towers ensured the bridge's security.
At Hasankeyf are the ruins of the 12th century capital of the Artukids, The bridge which once connected the two parts of the city over the Tigris and the palace inside the citadel, evokes the ghosts of a vanished dynasty. The 15th century Zeynel Bey Mausoleum, attractively decorated with turquoise tiles, re veals Persian influences.
From there go up to Mus(pro.Mush) and from there to Ağri(Ararat)and DoğuB.
Dogubayazit.
The town of
Ishak Pasa Saray, constructions started in 1685 and were completed in 1784. it's one of the most beautiful places in the whole of TurkeyDo not miss the spectacular site of The Ishak Pasha palace, only 6 km from Dogubayazit. Ishak Pasha, Ottoman governor of the province, constructed the palace in the 17th-century in a mixture of architectural styles. Nearby you can see a bas-relief of an Urartian king, and a rock tomb from the ninth century B.C
Erzurum.
Erzurum is the economic and cultural capital of eastern Turkey, with a university founded in 1958.
The town lies on the Silk Road from Persia to the Black Sea.
The most notable Seljuk architecture is the Cifte Minareli Medrese, or theological college built by Sultan Alaeddin Keykubat in 1253Other striking Seljuk creations in concrete are the atypical 12th century Ulu Mosque with its seven naves and innumerable columns and the 13th-century Hatuniye Turbesi, a mausoleum built in the memory of Sultan Alaeddin Keykubat's daughter.
The legendary Turkish architect Mimar Sinan's creation, the Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque is a site that definitely merits a visit as does the 13th-century Yakutiye Medrese with its opulently tiled minaret and a lovely portal.
The Erzurum Castle lies on the ancient and legendary silk route of Horasan - Pasinler - Erzurum and is believed to be built by the Byzantines during the 5th century A.D. The Watch Tower, within the castle premises, is actually a minaret of a small mosque housed within the Erzurum Castle. Constructed atop a hill, the tower, also known as Tray Minaret and Tower, is a dominant fixture in the Erzurum skyline.
The Çobadede Bridge over the Aras River is considered an architectural marvel of the Anatolia region. Built by the Vizier Emir Çoban Salduz of Ilhans in 1297 - 98, this bridge comprises seven huge arches.
Right at the centre of the city is the Owshank Church.
Cappadocia.
(Kapadokya)
Video : Turkey: Cappadocia, Göreme, Ihlara
Video : Cappadocia Turkey
A fertile region between the two volcanoes - Hasan Dagi and Erciyes Dagi, lies the region of Cappadocia. Known as Cappadocia in the ancient times, at present it is informally called the Kapadokya. The town lies to the east of Konya, and is surrounded by the Nigde in the south, Kirsehir in the north, Kayseri to the east and Aksaray to the west.
There is a mention of Cappadocia as a large and important Roman province in the Bible's New Testament. However, this Central Anatolian region has been important since Hittite times, long before the time of Jesus.
Cappadocia is the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations of our world and the birthplace of many mysteries and legends, almost as if it is not real. Any travel lover would surely love to explore this fantastic place.
Video : Goreme Balloons CAPPADOCIA TURKEY
Video : Kapadokya Balloon Ride
Underground Cities in Cappadocia
The tourist spots in Cappadocia are almost unlimited and each of them is equally important. A major crowd puller to Cappadocia is its "Underground cities", there are thirty-six of them that has been discovered so far. These shelters were temporary rather than permanent places to stay and the main two are at Kaymakli and Derinkuyu. Amongst debating archaeologists, these caves have been dated to about 1200 BC. The cave dwellings show remarkable architectural sense and planning.
Churches and Monasteries in Cappadocia
The rock cut churches and monasteries were developed by the Christians from the cave dwellings and they are also situated deep underground. These excavations have reached down to about 85 meters, or until the water level has been reached, and are marked with efficient ventilation systems. There are many settlements in Cappadocia that were established primarily as ascetic communities following the rules mentioned by Bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in the 4th century, St. Basil the Great.
Goreme Valley is famous for its churches and these churches followed the rules laid down by St. Basil the Great. In fact it was under his guidance that the first churches of Goreme Valley were built. Presently the Goreme Valley with its numerous small communities having their own churches forming large monastic complex serves the purpose of the Open Air Museum.
The most striking monastery in Cappadocia is the Eskigumus Monastery, its main church is roomy and well ventilated, but the main point of interest lies in its well-preserved frescoes that are considered the best representative of Byzantine art in all of Cappadocia.
The valley near Uchisar is another favorite amongst tourists and is known by many names like the Valley of the Pigeon Lofts, Pigeon Valley, and the Dovecote Valley. This valley is famous for it has the world's largest collection of pigeon houses engraved into the soft "tufa" since time immemorial.
Nature's powers are wondrous and beautiful, one such example is the famed "fairy chimneys" of Cappadocia. These are moonlike landscapes formed by the continual erosion of the volcanic landscape by the wind and rain. If you leave Cappadocia without visiting this place your whole journey would go to waste.
Other Attractions and Activities in Cappadocia
Other places of interest are the Zelve Valley, Avanos (pottery and carpets), Ürgüp, Ihlara valley, Soganli, Sinasos and Hacibektas.
Selcuk is worth-seeing with the places of superb natural beauty surrounding the town. The village “Sirince” is the one that attracts every visitors with its spectacular view from a mountain in the 8km east of Selcuk. The beach of “Pamucak” is also of interest, 9km away from the town. A very nice jogging road covered by the old raspberry trees just in the entrance of Selcuk, also makes an impressive setting and an ideal location for relaxation. Selcuk is rich and famous with the lively festivals scattered almost in every seasons. The Ephesus International Festival, held in May; The Camel Wrestling Festival, performed in the third weekend of January lasting in one day, attract both participants and visitors. Also the Rite ceremonies at the House of Virgin Mary are held every year on the 15th of August from 10:00 in the morning.
There are many good buys in the charming boutiques and colorful bazaars situated in the picturesque narrow, winding streets of the town. Also the town market on Saturdays offer an enjoying shopping to the visitors with the great variety of food and textile. Relaxing with a delicious meal in an inviting restaurant is a popular way to spend the evening hours in Selcuk. Visitors may sample the famous “chop-shish” -a meat variety, or classical Turkish cuisine. Selcuk is also serving with its good and clean accommodations, suitable for all visitors.
Izmir is 60km away from Selcuk, where national and international flights are performed. Also Ephesus Airport is approximately 3km far from Selcuk.
Ephesus.
The city of Ephesus was originally founded by the Carians. Due to its convenient location at the mouth of Cayster, it prospered as one of the most important commercial centers of Western Anatolia and served as the coastal gateway to the eastern world. Ephesus was one of the twelve Ionian cities to participate in the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. In 334 B.C., the city was taken by the Alexander the Great and throughout the Hellenistic period, the city became increasingly prosperous. After two hundred years, in 133 B.C. the region came under the Roman rule and it became the capital of the Roman province of Asia during Augustus' reign. It was a religious center of early Christianity and was visited by St. Paul and Virgin Mary. The city finally fell in the hands of the Goths in 262 A.D.historical attractions
The city of Ephesus is virtually dotted with historical spots, which you must see during your visit. Apart from the ruins there are fountains, libraries, and pools all over the city. Some of the coveted historical sites include:
Temple of Artemis
The temple of Artemis (Diana) was one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. This temple of the virgin God of Nature was 115m long and housed 127 columns of which 36 façade columns were decorated with relics.
Basilica
The Basilica constructed during the reign of Augustus, served as an Exchange and was thus devoted to commerce. It is a typical Roman structure, 165m in length and contains columns with 1st century A.D. bulls' heads.
Church of St. John
As the legend goes, St John lived here during 37-42 A.D., wrote his Gospel and after death was buried following his wish. The current structure got built during the reign of Justinian (577-565AD), the Byzantine emperor. This church contains some of the most valuable frescoes and is partly in ruins.
Church of Virgin Mary
This is the first church, which was dedicated to Virgin Mary who had spent the twilight years of her life in Ephesus. It housed the 3rd Ecumenical council and had remained an important seat of Christianity since then. During Emperor Justinian's rule, the church underwent some reconstruction and a centrally planned chapel was included in the existing structure.
Agora
Built in the Hellenistic period, this structure was renovated in the 3rd century during the reign of Caracalla (211-217A.D.). It was surrounded by columns, and was adorned with three entrances, from the direction of the Theatre, Harbor and the Celsus library. The Agora is shaped like a square with the north side left open and the remaining three sides surrounded by porch housing shops.
The Aqueduct of Sextilius Pollio
This two storied conduit brought water to Ephesus from Marnas and was commissioned by Sextilius Pollio between 7-15 A.D. It is a 3.5 kilometers long structure and you will find it at Derbent Creek. As the aqueduct climbs along the slopes of Derbent it gives a marvelous view.
Apart from these, other well-known tourist attractions are:
- Temple of Hadrian
- Terrace Houses
- Isabey Mosque
- Celsus library
- Ephesus Museum,
- Baths of Varius
- Scholastika and
- The Fountains of Trajan and Pollio
Pamukkale.
Pamukkale is the main attraction of the Aegean region of Turkey. The city is blessed with breath taking beauty formed of curious calcium deposits. Tourists from around the globe throng to Pamukkale to witness the natural marvel that is unique to the city. The present name of the city literally means "cotton castle" and is justly named after its exquisite limestone landscapes.
The greatest attraction of Pamukkale is its intricate limestone structures. Waters rich in calcium salts run across the slopes leaving behind curious art forms by nature's hand. The warm, calcareous waters collect in the Sacred Pool and are known to have healing powers.Pamukkale also possesses the great theatre of Hierapolis famed for its exquisite carvings and relief work. Near the great city walls is the Martyrion of St. Phillip, an impressive octagonal structure. Further down, is the temple of the mythical God Apollo dating back to the Hellenistic period. Nearby is a cave known for emanating poisonous gases.
You can also find a Christian basilica with beautiful carvings in Pamukkale. The necropolis of Hierapolis is the biggest graveyard of the erstwhile Anatolia.
Gallipoli.
The Gallipoli peninsula, which is situated just across the Dardanelles, has a small bit of land jutting out, which has a length of 80 kms. With a history of immense impact to back it, the Gallipoli area of Turkey has come up as an important tourist attraction. Ancient charm, nature's proximity, peaceful atmosphere and unpolluted environment - with all these attributes, Gallipoli beckons thousands of visitors from all across the globe.
As early as the 5th century B.C., the peninsula witnessed the Peleponnesos wars, in which the control of Dardanelles was supposed to determine the fate of the war. Much later, with the break out of the First World War, the bloody chapters of war were re-opened in Gallipoli.
Australia and New Zealand, together as the allied force, tried to capture the peninsula in 1915, in order to make the way to the Black sea for allied navies. Their plan was to occupy Constantinople (current Istanbul), which was the capital of Ottoman Empire and a supporter of Germany. They landed in Turkey on April 25, met fierce Turkish defense and the war continued for eight months. Finally, by the end of 1915, the allied forces were vacated following countless deaths of soldiers on both sides. April 25 is still observed every year as the Anzac Day.
The area also holds a special place in the hearts of Turkish people because this was the center of activities of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - the national hero and founder of modern Turkey.
Gallipoli boasts of archaeological sites which dates back as early as 4000 B.C. and several artifacts of first world war, like sunken ships, guns, forts, trenches, bastions, etc.
Another historical site is the Gallipoli peninsula peace park, which was founded in 1973. Covering an area of 330 sq kms, the peace park houses innumerable graves and memorials of the Turkish and allied soldiers.
Every year, thousands of visitors climb the ridges of the main battlefields of Gallipoli, which have remained almost untouched.
The best time to visit this region is during the Anzac Day (April 25) when many people from Australia and New Zealand come to Gallipoli to pay respect to their ancestors who died in the Anzac war. Anzac Day tours are offered by various companies and you can undertake one to understand the Anzac Day history, its various legends and to explore the area, which has rich cultural heritage.
However, if you are more of a nature lover, you can walk along the shores or climb the ridges and find a strange serenity, which characterizes this place.
istanbul.
Amongst the famous museums make a point to visit the Adam Mickiewicz Museum and Istanbul Archaeological Museums. The former was the abode of the Polish freedom poet before his death and has many important documents and information about his life and work. The latter are stuffed with Hittite works of art and Roman tombs.
Next in the Istanbul travel arrangement comes the mosques. These are beautiful creations commissioned by the rulers of Istanbul to give a glimpse of their own power and glorious reign. The Blue Mosque built by Sultan Ahmet is the largest mosque in Istanbul. Its specialty lies in its Iznik tile interior.
The Ahi Çelebi Mosque holds an important place in the Istanbul myth for being the mosque where Evliya Çelebi had his famous dream.
The Aya Sofya (known as Haghia Sofia in Greek and also called the Church of the Divine Wisdom) was regarded as the greatest church in the entire Christian kingdom until the fall of Constantinople after which it was used as a mosque. Since the foundation of Turkish Republic, modern day Turkey, Hagia Sophia is being used as a museum.
The Anglikan/Crimean Church in Beyoglu, which was built in the memory of English soldiers who fought the Crimean War, is another attraction. The church was closed in 1971 due to its declining parishioners but was re-opened in 1991.
Monuments and palaces
Among the famous monuments in Istanbul are the Basilica Cistern and The Hippodrome. The latter was used as a water storage tank and speaks of the magnificent Byzantium era. The Hippodrome (Atmeydani) is another structure that echoes of the flourishing Byzantium days. Here a race was arranged between political parties the outcome of which decided the fate of an emperor.
There are many palaces of interest in Istanbul like Dolmabahçe Palace and the Topkapi Palace. The Topkapi is a huge structure and houses the Imperial Council Chamber, the Imperial Treasury, the Sacred Safekeeping Rooms, Baghdad Kiosk, the Tower of Justice and the Harem.
Çadir Mansion a significant mansion in Yildiz Park was originally built as "Sedir Mansion" but in 1960 was converted into the Tamzimat Museum.
The Beylerbeyi Palace is interesting with its main building, sea mansions, Marble Mansion, Yellow Palace and Hasahir in the backyard. Its garden is of renown too.
Squares and markets
A famous square in Istanbul is the Beyazit Square, which was founded in 393 A.D. during the reign of Emperor Teodosius. A Medresse, Hamam and some shops are the only remains of the complex of the 15th century work of Beyazit Mosque from which it gets its name.
The famous bazaars in Istanbul are a perfect example of exotic Oriental bazaars, shown so often in Hollywood movies. So make sure you visit the 15th century Kapali Çarsi and the Egyptian Bazaar. You can hope to get almost everything here. However, if you do not shop, the vibrant market life will surely catch your eye.
Other attractions
A public bath that is in use from 1584 is the famous Hamam Cemberlitas. Though a bit expensive you will never regret the experience. It has an incredible round marble room with a slab of hot marble in the middle to soak on and basins of marble on the side of the room with hot running water to bathe in. It is surely a wonder to be able to experience a sauna from the yesteryears.
A marvelous piece of architecture is what you can call the Kirik Aqueduct (Kovukkemer). It was constructed over the base of an old Roman conduit between 1554-1562 and is 35 meters high and 408 meters long.
Other places of interest are the Istiklâl Caddesi, a fashion street from the past and boating on the Bosphorus can be adventurous too.
http://www.turkeyforyou.com/turkey_erzurum_attractions
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The province of Mardin, overlooking the Mesopotamian Plain, has preserved the old- style carving in its houses. Dating from 1385, the Sultan Isa Medresse is an interesting, beautiful Turkish monument with its magnificent carved portal. The Kasim Pasa Medresse, is also significant for its dome of beautiful stonework and the Ulu Mosque with its well-decorated minaret, is another sightseeing spot. On a hill, 7 kms east of Mardin, you will see something you do not expect: Deynulzaferan, a Syriac- Jacobite monastery. Several kilometres further, there is
another Monastery, Deyrelmur dating from the 5th- century. If you wouldlike to see the best examples of Artutid architecture then you have to head for Kiziltepe, 21 kms south of Mardin, 13th- century Ulu Mosque with its fine mihrap relief and beautifully decorated portal.
At Hasankeyf which is on the borderline with Batman province, you will see the ruins of the ancient 12th- century capital of the Artutids. The bridge which once connected the two parts of the city over the Tigris and the palace, are others. The 15th- century Zeynel Bey Mausoleum nearby, is attractively decorated with blue tiles.
The fortress, Kasimiye Medresse, Zinciriye Medresse and Grand Mosque are popular attractions.
The Deyr'ul Zafaran Monastery is an orthodox Syrian monastery. You can enjoy long and illuminating discourses with the abbot to explore religious history. The place still holds services in the language spoken by Jesus, which is Aramaic.
The Sultan Isa Medresse is renowned for its intricately carved doorway. The Kasim Pasa Medresse pulls crowds with its prominent dome and exquisite stone work. The Ulu Mosque, on the other hand, stands out for its beautiful minaret.
The attractive Artutid architectural style is a definite crowd puller.
The museum of Mardin is a storehouse of ancient remnants from the historic past. Originally built way back in 1895, the museum houses historical representations from 4000 BC.
mIDYAT.
In contrast to mosques, churches tend to be for much of their working lives.
Only 7 kilometers ea st of mardin.htm is the Syriac-Jacobite Monastery of Deyrulzaferan, which once was a thriving relig ious community. Nearby at Kiziltepe, the 13th century Ulu Mosque, one of the best examples of Artukid architecture, has superb mihrab reliefs and a beautiful portal.
Midyat, famous for its silver objects known as 'telkari', has many elegant, historic houses. Eighteen kilometers east of town is the actively functioning Syriac-Jacobite monastery, Deyrelumur(San Gabriel)which dates from the beginning of the fifth century.
The province of Van sits by Lake Van, and was the ancient Urartian capital of Tusp
a. It is situated in a green, fertile oasis in the midst of rocky mountains. An impressive citadel stands on one of these peaks and dates back to the 9th- century BC. There are steps carved into rock leading to the fortress, and while descending you will be able to see some cuneiform inscriptions paying homage to Persian King, Xerxes of the 5th- century BC. In the fortress, the Urartian royal tombs are of interest. The surrounding area is full of Urartian remains. In the old city there are many mosques and mausoleums such as the Ulu Mosque, the Husrev Pasa Mosque, the Kaya Celebi Mosque and the Ikiz Kumbet. The Archaeological Museum in the new city exhibits the Urartian finds. At Van Harbour you may find pleasant places to rest. For swimming and camping you may head for Edremit, 14 kms to the southwest. It is a holiday resort center from where you may do some sightseeing excursions. At Gevas, there is a Seljuk graveyard, filled with extraordinary headstones, as well as the lovely Halime Hatun Tomb.
The largest body of water in Turkey, this triangular shaped lake contains salt water that is unsuitable for drinking or irrigation. The only life form that can survive in the water is a species of freshwater fish called darekh that has adapted to live in a saline environment.
The castle is big and impressive. A huge pile of stonework, much of it in ruins, sits atop the hill overlooking Van township. Spectacular views for 360 degrees around.You can climb up the top and get a great view. It is close to the lake but you can get a dolmus from town and then walk around to the entrance. Looking from the top you can see where the old city used to be by the bits of mosque left.
88 kms north of Van, are the Muradiye Waterfalls, perfect place to rest while listening to natures harmony at one of the restaurants or tea gardens around the falls. Van is also famous for its Van cat, a pure white, longhair cat which has the strange feature of one blue eye and the other green.
- The Rock of Van is a tapered protrusion 1500m in length, over 100m in height, and 300m broad at the bottom.
- The Hosap Castle built by a Kurdish chieftain, in 1643 has been recently excavated and much of it remains under the ground.
- The Sarduri is an Urartian palace built by King Sardur II between 764 and 735 BC. Its temple has cuneiform inscriptions, and the palace has many modern marvels like storage containers, royal bathroom and water cisterns. There is also a container of grains, which is 2000yrs. old.
- Akdamar Island is famous for its 10th century church of the Holy Cross.
Kars.
Kars's historical buildings include Kümbet Camii ("Church of the Apostles"), an Armenian church that was converted into a mosque; a bath dating from the Ottoman period; and an old citadel overhanging the river that was once a strong military post (probably late 16th century).
Camuslu
Stone Age cave drawings of deer can be seen in the village of Çamuslu, some 65km/40mi south of Kars.
Ardahan
The regional center of Ardahan is situated some 95km/60mi northwest of Kars. It lies in the Ardahan valley below the Yalnizçam Daglari and it is reached by crossing the 2,640m/8,660ft Cam Geçidi in the heart of Turkish Georgia. Ardahan is dominated by a huge fortress with square towers (up to 12m/40ft high). The present fortress was built byDescriptionThe tomb of the local saint of Kars, Celal Baba who perished in the Mongol invasion of 1239 is open to visitors on Thursdays.
Çildir
About 90km/57mi north of Kars lies the small town of Çildir. In a long valley about 14km/8mi further along the Aktas Gölü road (the last 4km/2.5mi have to be covered on foot) stands a medieval castle. Known as Seytan Kalesi (Devil's Mountain) or more correctly Rabat Kalesi meaning "fortified monastery", it perches at a dizzy height on a rocky
Cildir Golu
The extensive Lake Çildir (130m/426ft deep; 128sq.km/79sq.miles) is a natural lake. It was at one time linked with the Çildir basin until a 1.5km/1mi wide and 14km/9mi long stream of lava from the Papa Dagi (2,900m/9,512ft) split it into two sections. Close to the northwestern tip of the lake near the village of Gölebelen stands a domed basilica which is now used as a mosque. Further south near Peresin and only accessible by a cross-country vehicle lie the ruins of a double church and nearby an interesting Kurdish cemetery. The remains of a church and castle can also be seen on an island known as Agenkale in the middle of the lake.
Narin Kalesi
An Armenian castle and later an Ottoman citadel dominates the old town of Kars. It stands on Urartian foundations and was altered around the middle of the 12th century by the Saltukogullari and then rebuilt on the orders of Sultan Murat III after it was completely destroyed by the Mongol Timur in 1386. The castle site is unchanged since the 19th century Crimean War. Visits can be arranged at certain times.
The Old town
The old town of Kars is said to have been enclosed by a 27km/17mi wall with 220 towers. At the moment the only remains lie in a neglected part of the town with three preserved towers: Su Kapisi (Water Gate) or Ceribasi Kapi in the west, Kagizman Kapisi in the middle and Behram Kapisi or Bayram Pasa Kapisi in the east.
Trabzon.
Places of interest in Trabzon are so many that you need quite some time to explore each of them.
- Constructed in the 14th century, the Sumela monastery stands on the side of a very steep mountain with thick forest below. Two 7th century Greek monks, Barnaby and Sophronios had the main building constructed, later an anonymous artist Trabizond painted it.
- The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin and the monastery complex comprised 5 floors with 72 rooms. A sizeable part of the building was carved out of the rock. The entire building is wrapped up in frescoes and wall paintings.
- Ayasofya (Saint Sophia) Museum is the most eminent structure in Trabzon. Now the 13th century Church has been converted to a museum.
- The Gulbahar Hatun Mosque is certainly the most interesting mosque in the city. Other important mosques are the 16th century mosques Hatip and Iskender Pasha.
- The historical houses in the back streets are really worth seeing. Amongst them The Kizlar Manastiri (Girls' Monastery) instantly transports you to the bygone days of the Comnenian Period in the fourteenth century. Even the Irene Tower is also a must in your itinerary.
- St. Sophia Museum's history dates back to days of King Manuel I of Kommenos in 13th century. Muslim Seljuk stone artisans built the Church and the work continued till 1670 i.e. after the Ottoman invasion when it was turned into a mosque.
- The Ataturk mansion built by a wealthy Greek Banker, Konstantinos Kappagianidis is a major tourist destination. Ataturk stayed here twice, in 1930 and 1937.
- Make a point to visit Uzungol to enjoy the rich natural bounty.
Antalya.
The biggest attraction of Antalya is its exquisite natural beauty. Antalya gives you the best of Mediterranean climate with long summers, pleasant winters and lots of sunshine. So enjoy your summer travel to the fullest at this perfect holiday destination. The natural elegance of Antalya is well complemented by its plenteous historic past.
The City Walls and the Hadrian Gate are historical remnants of the rich Roman style. These structures are hot favorites of tourists. Kaleici is the heart of Antalya and has been the nerve centre of the city from its historic past. Consequently, it's a showcase of its vibrant archeological wealth. The spot has also been restored recently to fit in modern hotels, malls, restaurants and entertainment joints. The renovations bagged the biggest prize in tourism. So why not spend that vacation in the best destination.
The Antalya Museum is one of the most renowned archeological museums of the world. Other spots of interest are the Kesik Minaret of the Byzantine era, the Yivli Minaret of the Seljuks, the Karatay Medresesi, Hidirilk Tower, Ahi Yusuf Mescidi, Iskele Mosque, Murat Pasa Mosque, Tekeli Mehmet Pasa Mosque and Balibey Mosque. There are many Hans or inns in the typical Seljuk and Ottoman fashion.
You may have visited many beautiful places, further Turkey itself can boast of a great number of them. But the beauty of Perge lies in its unconventionality, its mysticism and glorious past, and it beckons you to discover it.
Situated only 18 km from Antalya in the Pamphylion plain, Perge has a long legacy (almost from 1500 B.C.) to narrate with its initial inhabitants being the Hittites. Its importance also lies in the fact that the ruins of the Roman city provides a very complete picture of the past, thus making it archaeologically invaluable.
Perge has very few competitors, especially for its theater and the stadium. But the other structures are worth mentioning and are a treat to your eyes and senses.
The Theater in Perge is an immense structure built to seat 14000 people at once. Originally built in a Hellenistic design the Theater got a Roman facelift in the 2nd century A.D. with the addition of the stage structure. A 12-meter-high nymphaeum with its five fountain niches survives of the structure.
The Stadium, a 2nd century structure is one of the best-conserved arenas in the ruins of the Anatolian region. Seating on average at least 12000 spectators, the stadium there had 30 rooms under the rows of seats used for admittance as well as shops.
An amazing feature about The Baths Complex in Perge apart from its frigidarium, tepidarium and caldarium are that its floors, walls and basins were made of marble. Since marble was not available in Perge it had to be shipped from Marmara across the Marmara Sea. Quite a commendable job!
The Hellenistic gateway and walls are pre Roman structures and were built in the 2nd century A.D. by Plancia Magna. The daughter of the Governor of Bithynia she was the patron of Perge as well as the chief priestess of Artemis (the revered God of Perge). There are two round towers in the gateway and followed by a horseshoe-shaped courtyard. This courtyard used to be bedecked with statues of gods, of founders, legendary heroes and socially eminent people of Perge and was a way of honoring them.
An interesting feature in this Roman ruin is the Colonnaded Street that most probably served as a socializing place for the inhabitants of Perge. The street was 20-meter-wide and extended from the Hellenistic gate to the Nymphaeum, eventually meeting the main street. Shops bordered the street on both sides with broad roofed arcades, further there were statues of eminent citizens too. There was a water canal lying in the very middle of the street that fulfilled the purpose of cooling the atmosphere.
Perge has an Agora as well and it is a small regular rectangle shaped space surrounded by shops. Built during the renovation of the city in the 4th century A.D. some of the ancient shops can still be seen.
Bergama. (Permagon)
http://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/pergamon-tr-iz-pe.htm#TR-IZ-PEB
Ruins of Pergamum
The Ruins at Pergamon
The ancient city of Pergamon (also Pergamum or Pergamos) stood at the top of a steep hill that overlooks themodern Turkishcity of Bergama. Because of this highly defensible position, the Macedonian general Lysimachus chose it as a stronghold for his treasures in the 4th century BC.
Over succeeding centuries, Pergamon forged an alliance with Rome and became both a powerful
city and an important center of art, literature and learning.
In 133 BCE, the ruler, Attalus III Philometor, died without heirs and
bequeathed the city to Rome. As part of the Roman Empire, Pergamon continued to flourish and became the capital of the Roman province of Asia.
While the ruins of Pergamon pale by comparison to those at Ephesus, if you are in the area of the modern city of Izmir (perhaps to see Ephesus), Pergamon is nearby and well worth the trip.
ww.on-the-matrix.com/mideast/Pergamon.aspPergamon Theatre
The magnificent Hellenistic theatre at Pergamon (Pergamum) is the centerpiece of the acropolis of the ancient city, which is located just north of the modern-day town of Bergama on Turkey's northern Aegean coast. The first theatre on the site was built in the earliest days of the Attalid Kingdom (mid-3rd century BC). Fragments of polygonal masonry from the retaining wall (analemmata) of the theatre remain, but ruins such as the impressive tower above and behind the theatron are of Byzantine origin.
Archaeology Museum (Arkeoloji Muzesi)
The collec
tion of statues, objects, and gravestones housed in this museum represents a fraction of the Acropolis and Asklepion ruins that the Germans didn't carry off. In spite of this, a visit here is a worthy complement to the site visits, and the curators have even been kind enough to create a faithful replica of Zeus's Altar, saving you from a trip to Berlin. Some other notable objects amid the artifacts include a statue of Hadrian taken from the Asklepion library, a 2nd-century-A.D. stone horse from the altar of Zeus, and the oldest statue in the museum, a 4th-century-B.C. kuros, an early example of the realism of the sculpted human form.Red Basilica (Kizil Avlu)
s one impressive pile of red brick. Built during the reign of Hadrian, and dedicated to the Egyptian god Serapis (the model for the Greek god Isis), this temple was later to become one of the seven churches of the Apocalypse. The temple was destroyed in the Arab raids of A.D. 716 to 717, and then was converted by the Byzantines into a basilica. The enormous building straddles the ancient Selinus River (today the Bergama Cayi), whose two subterranean galleries provide a canal for the water to pass. True to the ideal that holy ground is always holy ground, a small mosque resides in one of the towers.The Acropolis
The Asklepion
This famed ancient medical center, built in honor of Asklepios, the god of healing, was also the world's first psychiatric hospital. Many of the treatments employed at Pergamum, in 
complement with a sacred source of water that was later discovered as having radioactive properties, have been used for centuries, and are once again finding modern application. The treatments included psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, mud and bathing treatments, the interpretation of dreams, and the drinking of water. The Asklepion gained in prominence under the Romans in the 2nd century A.D., but a sacred site existed prior to this, as early as the 4th century B.C.
Oddly enough, everybody who was anybody was dying to get in; patients included Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Caracalla. Therapy included mud baths, music concerts, and doses of water from the sacred fountain. Hours of therapy probed the meaning of the previous night's dreams, as patients believed dreams recounted a visit by the god Asklepios, who held the key to curing the illness. Galen, the influential physician and philosopher who was born in Pergamum in A.D. 129, trained and then later became an attendant to the gladiators here.
http://www.on-the-matrix.com/shared/SlideShow/PreviewSlides.aspx?pagelist=mideast/XmlPageLists/Pergamon_01.xml
izmir.
Izmir, (Turkey's third largest city) has been for ages regarded as 'The pearl of the Aegean'. The history of Izmir dates back to 3000 B.C. and between 3000 B.C. and late 1800 B.C., Izmir was famous the world over as Smyrna. Later, in the Turkish era the city of Smyrna was re-named Izmir.
Continuous archeological excavations have led to the unearthing of many such world-famous monuments from Izmir's historical past. Some of these relics such as the Zeus Altar, the Artemis Temple are a part of Izmir's distant past. Some important constructions of the Roman period are the Agora, Acropolis, Theater and the Stadium.
Some remarkable Turkish architectural constructions reminiscent of the Ottoman period are:
- Bedesten (Ottoman's special trade constructions)
- Cakaloglu Inns
- The Hatuniye Mosque
- The Hisar Mosque
- The Izmir Clock Tower
- The Kemeralti Mosque,
- The Kestane Bazaar Mosque
- The Kizlaragasi Han
- The Konak Yali Mosque
- The Mirkelamoglu
- The Sadirvan Mosque
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